{"id":183,"date":"2015-11-13T20:29:11","date_gmt":"2015-11-13T20:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/galakiwi.com\/blog\/?p=183"},"modified":"2015-12-01T18:24:04","modified_gmt":"2015-12-01T18:24:04","slug":"el-nino-in-the-galapagos-islands-everything-you-need-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/el-nino-in-the-galapagos-islands-everything-you-need-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"El Ni\u00f1o in the Galapagos Islands &#8211; Everything You Need to Know"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El Ni\u00f1o is out there. This natural weather cycle has affected the Galapagos wildlife in the past, and will do so again in the future.<\/p>\n<p>We can&#8217;t control the weather, and the Galapagos Islands are unique, not just for their wildlife, but how the wildlife is managed here. We&#8217;re a National Park, so we&#8217;re bound to let nature take its course and hope that the marine iguanas, blue-footed boobies, sea lions and other creatures all survive whatever Mother Nature throws at them.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_254\" style=\"width: 765px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-254\" class=\"wp-image-254 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0089-SanCristobal-Waterfront-BlueBooby-Squaking-755x500.jpg\" alt=\"Blue-Footed Boobies\" width=\"755\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0089-SanCristobal-Waterfront-BlueBooby-Squaking-755x500.jpg 755w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0089-SanCristobal-Waterfront-BlueBooby-Squaking-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0089-SanCristobal-Waterfront-BlueBooby-Squaking.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-254\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blue-footed Boobies do NOT like El Ni\u00f1o<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Most El Ni\u00f1o events are mild or short-lived so the damage to the ecosystem in the Galapagos is minor. Occasionally, the El Ni\u00f1os are extended, lasting for many, many months. During these events, things can get tough for some of the wildlife here.<\/p>\n<p>An El Ni\u00f1o is a natural weather occurrence, and together with La Ni\u00f1a (colder water temperatures) they make up the ENSO (El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation) cycle. El Ni\u00f1o events tend to occur at least once every seven years, more frequently than La Ni\u00f1a events.\u00a0Most events last between nine and twelve months.<\/p>\n<h1>What happens when an extended El Ni\u00f1o hits the Galapagos?<\/h1>\n<div id=\"attachment_255\" style=\"width: 874px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-255\" class=\"wp-image-255 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0078-SanCristobal-Waterfront-MarineIguana-864x500.jpg\" alt=\"Marine Iguana on San Cristobal\" width=\"864\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0078-SanCristobal-Waterfront-MarineIguana-864x500.jpg 864w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0078-SanCristobal-Waterfront-MarineIguana-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0078-SanCristobal-Waterfront-MarineIguana.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine Iguanas suffer during an El Ni\u00f1o due to lack of food<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In short, it is the marine creatures that suffer most. As water temperatures rise above normal, small creatures such as sardines, algae and krill stop being as plentiful. With fewer of these around, the boobies, pelicans, penguins, sea turtles, marine iguanas and frigate birds can all suffer.<\/p>\n<p>Without enough food,\u00a0populations decline, some from starvation because they can&#8217;t find enough food. Many birds have to fly further to find food, such as the blue-footed boobies,\u00a0and if they can&#8217;t find enough they stop reproducing. Less babies, combined with starving adults, can take its toll on the local wildlife.<\/p>\n<p>Sea lions also suffer, as they have to head further out to sea for their food. Marine iguanas get hit hard, because the warmer water temperatures mess with their food source &#8211; algae. If they can&#8217;t get their food, they starve as well.<\/p>\n<p>Now travelers on sites like TripAdvisor fear that they will arrive in the Galapagos to a scene of devastation, with dead animals everywhere, and live animals hard to find. That won&#8217;t happen. There will always be an abundance of wildlife in the Galapagos as weather fluctuations simply impact certain species more than others.<\/p>\n<p>The cycle of life goes on all year here, so you may walk by a dead baby sea lion carcass at any time of year. During an El Ni\u00f1o, it&#8217;s just possible you&#8217;ll see more.<\/p>\n<p>But don&#8217;t be fooled, sea lions still swim around snorkelers with curiosity, and you&#8217;re likely to see all of the same animals as non El-Ni\u00f1o years,\u00a0just some in potentially much smaller numbers.<\/p>\n<h2>Species Most at Risk during an El Ni\u00f1o<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_256\" style=\"width: 959px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-256\" class=\"wp-image-256 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_1092-IsabelaIsland-PuertoVillamil-Bay-Penguin-949x500.jpg\" alt=\"Galapagos Penguin Grooming\" width=\"949\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_1092-IsabelaIsland-PuertoVillamil-Bay-Penguin-949x500.jpg 949w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_1092-IsabelaIsland-PuertoVillamil-Bay-Penguin-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_1092-IsabelaIsland-PuertoVillamil-Bay-Penguin.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Galapagos Penguins can be hard to find during an El Ni\u00f1o<\/p><\/div>\n<p>One very susceptible species\u00a0is the Galapagos Penguin. As their numbers are low to begin with, and they are highly sensitive to El Ni\u00f1os, penguins may seek out new locations with better\u00a0food supply. They may not be seen at the traditional convenient spotting locations like Puerto Villamil and Bartolome Island.<\/p>\n<p>The Flightless Cormorant on Fernandina is another species that suffers greatly during El Ni\u00f1os. Their inability to fly obviously limits their range for seeking food around the island. Less food in the water around Fernandina means the cormorants are at risk of being wiped out, perhaps even more than the Galapagos penguins as they&#8217;re only found in one location in the islands.<\/p>\n<p>While widespread, the marine iguanas always suffer greatly during any El Ni\u00f1o. They seem to rebound nicely every time, after a year or more of favorable conditions. Still, while it is impossible to imagine the Galapagos without marine iguanas, they have very little defence against a force of nature that can wipe out their entire algae food supply and replace it with different algae that isn&#8217;t part of their regular diet. During past El Ni\u00f1o events, the marine iguana populations were reduced by as much as 70%, but the iguanas responded by laying eggs more frequently and reproducing at a younger age after El Ni\u00f1o events. They are very adaptable creatures, that have obviously\u00a0learned how to survive in the harshest conditions!<\/p>\n<h2>History Of El Ni\u00f1o in the Galapagos Islands<\/h2>\n<p>There have been many El Ni\u00f1o events in the Galapagos Islands over the past 30+ years. Back in 1982-1983, a very strong El Ni\u00f1o hit the Galapagos Islands. This particular El Ni\u00f1o wiped out 70% of the\u00a0marine iguanas and reduced populations of many\u00a0sensitive animals, but it also had a huge impact on the coral systems of the Galapagos. There isn&#8217;t a massive\u00a0coral reef in the Galapagos Islands, so what coral does exist has traditionally been hit hard by El Ni\u00f1os. Since the 1982-1983 season, coral levels have never been the same.<\/p>\n<p>One of the worst El Ni\u00f1os to hit the Galapagos was 18 years ago. In 1997-1998 a strong El Ni\u00f1o hit marine iguana, galapagos penguin, sea lion and sea turtle populations hard. A number of penguin colonies were wiped out. It took a few years\u00a0for some\u00a0species to return to normal.<\/p>\n<p>The most recent El Ni\u00f1o in the Galapagos was from 2009-2010 and had very little impact on the islands and wildlife. It caused more destruction in other parts of the world.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, like a weather forecast you really can&#8217;t predict what will happen in a month or two. Even knowing that an El Ni\u00f1o is already here isn&#8217;t enough to determine how much of an impact it will have by the time it is over.<\/p>\n<h2>The Good News about El Ni\u00f1o in the Galapagos<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_258\" style=\"width: 765px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-258\" class=\"wp-image-258 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_8543-FloreanaIsland-Highlands-AsilodelaPaz-755x500.jpg\" alt=\"Floreana Island Highlands\" width=\"755\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_8543-FloreanaIsland-Highlands-AsilodelaPaz-755x500.jpg 755w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_8543-FloreanaIsland-Highlands-AsilodelaPaz-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_8543-FloreanaIsland-Highlands-AsilodelaPaz.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-258\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">More rain in the highlands means more vegetation to eat for species like Giant Tortoises<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The good news is that some animals thrive during an El Ni\u00f1o. Where the water creatures suffer, the land animals prosper.<\/p>\n<p>Land iguanas, finches, Galapagos hawks, mockingbirds, lava lizards and giant tortoises all have it easy during El Ni\u00f1os. More rainfall means more vegetation and more insects. With more flies and other insects to eat, the land bird populations are healthy. Lava lizards have plenty to eat, as do the tortoises, which live up in the moist highland areas to begin with.<\/p>\n<p>So if you&#8217;re a land creature you&#8217;re giving El Ni\u00f1os high-fives and handshakes, because life is good. If you live off of the sea, you&#8217;re cursing the currents.<\/p>\n<h2>Current Cause &amp; Effect<\/h2>\n<p>The Galapagos Islands are on the equator, but it is not a tropically warm, big\u00a0coral reef type of archipelago. What makes things so special in the Galapagos is the merging of currents, in particular the cold Humboldt Current that passes through the islands.<\/p>\n<p>This cold current is like an IV-line for sea creatures. Dense with nutrients, krill and plankton, creatures as big as whales and as small as boobies rely on these nutrients. Without the nutrient-rich cold current, whales and dolphins don&#8217;t have a need to stop near the Galapagos. They follow the food elsewhere in the ocean.<\/p>\n<p>Galapagos seabirds and marine iguanas don&#8217;t have that mobile luxury, so they suffer most.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, the warmer ocean currents dominate around the islands. In most years, the Humboldt Current is strong enough to bring cold water temperatures to the islands and supply us with plenty of nutrients. But, during El Ni\u00f1o times, the warm currents are too strong and stop the cold current from being able to supply the islands with the nutrient-rich waters.<\/p>\n<p>During minor El Ni\u00f1os, it may only be a handful of months of slightly above-average\u00a0warmth, before the cold waters return. In such cases, the damage isn&#8217;t so bad. In more serious\u00a0cases, El Ni\u00f1o can last for many seasons, with temperatures rising 3-4C above normal. In these cases, the El Ni\u00f1o breaks traditional breeding cycles and causes large-scale starvations. There have been some\u00a0extreme El Ni\u00f1os in the past, which devastated populations, but you wouldn&#8217;t know it years later. The populations have a way of rebounding and part of that is because of La Ni\u00f1a.<\/p>\n<h2>Don&#8217;t forget about La Ni\u00f1a<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_259\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-259\" class=\"wp-image-259 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_1660-SanCristobal-Waterfront-Small-Cactus-Finch-758x500.jpg\" alt=\"Darwins Finch in Galapagos\" width=\"758\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_1660-SanCristobal-Waterfront-Small-Cactus-Finch-758x500.jpg 758w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_1660-SanCristobal-Waterfront-Small-Cactus-Finch-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_1660-SanCristobal-Waterfront-Small-Cactus-Finch.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-259\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Famous Galapagos Finches thrive during an El Ni\u00f1o, but suffer during a La Ni\u00f1a<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Not nearly as much hype surrounds La Ni\u00f1a as it does El Ni\u00f1o. After most years of warmer waters and rougher times for the sea creatures, they get rewarded with a period of time with cooler than usual waters. It does not happen after every El Ni\u00f1o, but when it does, it has the opposite impact on the land and sea creatures of the Galapagos.<\/p>\n<p>Land creatures suffer from less rainfall, so insects aren&#8217;t as abundant and vegetation doesn&#8217;t grow as much. They have to struggle to find food, and their populations can temporarily suffer.\u00a0Animals that hang out in the highlands, such as giant tortoises, are not impacted as much as animals living along the dry coastlines, such as lava lizards.<\/p>\n<p>Sea creatures on the other hand are presented a bounty of small delicacies to feast on, and marine iguanas get their tasty algae back. It may be a cruel way for nature to ensure that only the strongest survive, but it is a strong reminder to visitors that the Galapagos is a rare and special place, much different than any zoo or aquarium back home.<\/p>\n<h2>El Nino Impacts the People and Towns Too<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_257\" style=\"width: 765px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-257\" class=\"wp-image-257 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0902-IsabelaIsland-Waterfront-PuertoVillamil-755x500.jpg\" alt=\"Puerto Villamil, Galapagos\" width=\"755\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0902-IsabelaIsland-Waterfront-PuertoVillamil-755x500.jpg 755w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0902-IsabelaIsland-Waterfront-PuertoVillamil-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSD_0902-IsabelaIsland-Waterfront-PuertoVillamil.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-257\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Puerto Villamil has experienced beach damage and flooding in the past<\/p><\/div>\n<p>While it may not be at the top of mind for most travelers,\u00a0the Galapagos towns are impacted as well. High rainfall and unusual weather conditions can result in damage to buildings, and even possible flooding in towns along the\u00a0coast of the Galapagos Islands.<\/p>\n<p>Local businesses may prepare for El Ni\u00f1o by shoring up their foundations and roofs. Landscapes can get changed when extremely powerful El Ni\u00f1os occur, with places like the beach in Puerto Villamil susceptible to damage and being washed away.<\/p>\n<p>The good thing is that after a few serious El Ni\u00f1os have hit the Galapagos Islands, knowledge of how to deal with them and create the proper infrastructure for visitors, and locals, has grown. The overall risk to a visitor coming to the Galapagos Islands during an El Ni\u00f1o event is lower than it was 10 or 20 years ago.<\/p>\n<h2>Should You Visit the Galapagos During an El Ni\u00f1o?<\/h2>\n<p>Visiting the Galapagos Islands is usually a once-in-a-lifetime travel experience. Getting the best experience out of your Galapagos vacation probably means seeing the highlands, visiting some towns, taking some hikes and of\u00a0course seeing lots of wildlife.<\/p>\n<p>All of these experiences can be impacted during a serious El Ni\u00f1o, so it is up to you to decide how flexible you are in your travel plans.\u00a0The weather will be hot, the water will be warm.<\/p>\n<p>There will still be abundant wildlife in the Galapagos and plenty of places to see and people to meet. As for the current El Ni\u00f1o in the islands, there are early signs that some wildlife is starting to suffer. Marine iguanas on selected islands are appearing stressed, while on other islands the wildlife is still in top shape.<\/p>\n<p>It is still early right now in terms of the potential impact of the current El Ni\u00f1o. If you&#8217;re looking to travel soon, your Galapagos experience will be great. If you&#8217;re looking to travel in early-mid 2016, only Mother Nature knows for sure how the wildlife and islands will hold up.<\/p>\n<p>More signs of stress on the wildlife may appear by the start of 2016. If marine iguanas are still relatively healthy in most areas by the end of January 2016, then it could be that the current El Ni\u00f1o won&#8217;t be as damaging as some people predict.<\/p>\n<h2>What to Pack if You Visit during\u00a0El Ni\u00f1o<\/h2>\n<p>Not much changes in terms of packing for the traveler visiting the Galapagos Islands during an El Ni\u00f1o. However a few items are of higher importance, in particular a decent rain jacket or poncho to keep you and your camera dry during any rain storms. While you can often visit the islands without any pestering flies or bugs, during an El Ni\u00f1o you will notice some pests along the trails you hike, so a supple of bug deterrent is important to have during an El Ni\u00f1o. IF you plan to spend a good amount of time on land (more than a traditional cruise), then an extra pair of lightweight travel pants \/ trousers and a long-sleeve shirt will come in handy during the evening when flies or mosquitoes may be more prevalent.<\/p>\n<p>As the current El Ni\u00f1o begins to take hold, we&#8217;ll post updates on our blog. Recent trips have still been seeing plenty of turtles, sea lions and sharks on their snorkel trips. We&#8217;re also still seeing marine iguanas walking along the lava rocks and waterfront outside our Galakiwi office and penguins hanging around town on Isabela Island.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El Ni\u00f1o is out there. This natural weather cycle has affected the Galapagos wildlife in the past, and will do so again in the future. We can&#8217;t control the weather, and the Galapagos Islands are unique, not just for their wildlife, but how the wildlife is managed here. We&#8217;re a National Park, so we&#8217;re bound [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-about-the-galapagos","category-galapagos-wildlife"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=183"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":318,"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183\/revisions\/318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galakiwi.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}